Describe the pros and cons of using RESTful APIs versus GraphQL in the context of modern web applications.

RESTful APIs are straightforward and stateless, making them easy to understand and implement. However, they may lead to over-fetching or under-fetching of data. GraphQL, on the other hand, allows clients to request exactly the data they need, reducing over-fetching.

The choice depends on the project requirements. REST is great for simple applications, while GraphQL is beneficial for complex, data-intensive applications. GraphQL provides flexibility, but it might be overkill for smaller projects.