How do you handle memory management and optimization in large-scale JavaScript applications?

Memory management is crucial for large-scale applications. I employ practices like efficient data structures, minimizing global variables, and regularly profiling code using browser developer tools. Managing event listeners and avoiding memory leaks by properly handling references are also critical.

Optimizations involve bundling and minification of code, lazy loading, and asynchronous operations to enhance performance. Additionally, using a state management library, like Redux, for efficient data handling in complex applications can significantly contribute to optimization.